Chilengezo chachilimwe chopanga makina osungira mabatire akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ku South Australia chidadziwika ndikusunga tsatanetsatane.

Chilengezo chachilimwe cha Tesla chopanga makina osungira mabatire akulu kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi ku South Australia chidadziwika ndikusunga tsatanetsatane.

Mwamwayi, ngakhale polojekitiyi idakali yosamvetsetseka, zambiri zokhudza kuyika kwa magetsi a dzuwa a Tesla ndi mabatire pachilumba cha Hawaii cha Kauai, chomwe chinawonekera pa intaneti koyambirira kwa chaka chino, chikhoza kupezeka kapena kudziwika.
Ndipotu, tsopano pali zambiri zokwanira - malinga ndi Elon Musk - kupanga mawerengedwe.Zomwezo zimapitanso ku masamu olimbikitsa.
Ngakhale kuli kofunika kuti yankho la Tesla ndi lotsika mtengo kusiyana ndi dizilo, ndilofunika kwambiri kuti ndi lotsika mtengo ngakhale kuti amangogwiritsa ntchito magawo awiri pa atatu a mphamvu yeniyeni ya dzuwa ndi magawo awiri mwa atatu a mphamvu ya batri yeniyeni.
Pulojekiti ya Tesla ya Kauai ikuphatikiza ma solar 55,000 omwe amatha kupereka ma megawati 17 amphamvu kwambiri ya DC ndi ma megawati 52 osungira mabatire a lithiamu-ion mu mawonekedwe a 272 Powerpack 2s pamalo a 44 maekala.
Ndilokulirapo pang'ono kuposa Buckingham Palace (maekala 40) komanso kuchepera pang'ono theka la kukula kwa Vatican (maekala 110).
Dziwani kuti ngakhale gulu la solar nthawi zambiri limatchulidwa kuti 13 MW (AC based), Kauai Island Community Cooperative imatsimikizira chiwerengerocho ngati 17 MW (DC based).
Tesla wapanga mgwirizano ndi Kauai Island Utility Cooperative kuti azipereka magetsi ofikira ma megawati 52 usiku uliwonse.Bungweli lavomera kuti lipereke ndalama zokwana 13.9 cents/kWh pakuwunika kwadzuwa kosungidwa, pafupifupi 10% kuchepera zomwe amalipira popangira magetsi amagetsi a dizilo.
(Chilumbachi chikufunikabe kuwotcha dizilo panthaŵi ya magetsi apamwamba kwambiri—osati kwambiri. Komanso, ngakhale ku Hawaii kumagwa mitambo ndi mvula nthawi zina.)
Ponena za chifukwa chake Tesla sangathe kugulitsa magetsi mwachindunji ku gridi masana, galasi la Kauai silingathe kutenga mphamvu zambiri za dzuwa: masana, ma photovoltais amakumana kale ndi 90 peresenti ya zosowa za chilumbachi.
Pa webusayiti ya Tesla, Powerpack 2 iliyonse idavotera 210 kWh ndipo imapangidwa ndi 16 Powerwall 2s, yomwe idavotera 13.2 kWh.Izi ndizomveka chifukwa 13.2 kWh x 16 = 211.2 kWh.
Komabe, mphamvu zonse za Powerwall 2 iliyonse ndizokwera kwambiri.Idavoteredwa pa 7 kWh, Powerwall ya m'badwo woyamba ndi batire ya 10 kWh yomwe idavotera kuti izungulire mpaka 70 peresenti yotulutsa, malinga ndi National Renewable Energy Laboratory.
Izi ndizofanana ndi kuzama kwa magawo awiri pa atatu akuya omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu hybrid plug-in ya Chevrolet Volt, yomwe imagwiritsanso ntchito batire ya nickel-manganese-chromium.
Ndi kuya kwa magawo awiri pa atatu, mphamvu ya 210 kWh yoperekedwa ndi Powerpack 2 imatanthauza mphamvu yokwanira 320 kWh.Choncho, mphamvu zonse za 272 Powerpack 2 pa Kauai ndi 87 MWh.
Kuyambira chilengezo choyambirira chosungira mphamvu mu 2015, Elon Musk adalonjeza mtengo wa batri wa $ 250 / kWh pazigawo zazikulu ndikutsimikizira chiwerengerocho patsogolo pa ntchito yaposachedwa ku South Australia.
Mtengo wa $ 250 / kWh wa mphamvu mwadzina pa mlingo wa module umakhala mphamvu yotsika kwambiri ya $ 170 / kWh pamene magawo awiri pa atatu aliwonse akuya akuya akuyankhidwa.
Chifukwa chiyani Tesla amalemba mphamvu za 57 MWh ndikungonena 52 MWh?Mabatire owonjezerawa apereka makina ku Kauai omwe amatha kupanga magetsi okwana ma megawati 52 patsiku, ngakhale pakatha zaka 20 za batire.
Mapulaneti a dzuwa omwe amaikidwa ku Kauai amapendekeka, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti amaikidwa pamtunda wokhazikika;sazungulira masana, kutsatira dzuŵa monga zina zazikulu zoikira dzuwa.
Malinga ndi Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, mapulojekiti atatu a Kauai omwe alipo atakhalapo kwanthawi yopitilira chaka, akukwaniritsa mphamvu za 20%, 21% ndi 22%.(Mphamvu yamagetsi ndi chiŵerengero cha mphamvu yopangidwa ndi chopangira magetsi ku mphamvu zake zongoyerekeza.)
Izi zikusonyeza kuti mphamvu ya 21% ndi lingaliro loyenera la kupanga photovoltaic mu polojekiti ya Tesla ya Kauai.Motero, kuchulukitsa ma megawati 17 ndi 21% mphamvu mu maola 24 kumatipatsa ma megawati 86 a magetsi patsiku.
Kutengera zomwe zidapangidwa, magetsi amatha kusinthira kulowetsa kwa DC kukhala kutulutsa kwa AC ndi mphamvu pafupifupi 90%.Izi zikutanthauza kuti 86 MWh DC moyang'anizana ndi dzuwa iyenera kutulutsa pafupifupi 77 MWh AC moyang'anizana ndi gululi.
Maola mpaka 52 megawatt-maola omwe Tesla amalonjeza kugulitsa usiku uliwonse ndi pafupifupi magawo awiri mwa atatu a ma 77 megawatt-maola omwe Tesla amayembekezera kuchokera ku mapanelo ake adzuwa tsiku lililonse.
Mwachidule, ma cell a solar ndi batri ndi okulirapo, koma ngakhale zili choncho, chuma chimakhalabe chotheka.
Ngakhale Tesla amatha kupereka magetsi okwana 52 megawatt ku gridi ya Kauai tsiku lililonse, singachite izi masiku amphepo kapena mvula.
Kuti muwunikire zotsatirazi, pulogalamu ya Clean Power Research ya SolarAnywhere inapanga deta yapachaka ya dzuwa ya Lihue, Kauai, komwe kuli polojekiti ya Tesla.
Kuti muwonetsetse, zomwe zagwiritsidwa ntchito pakuwunikaku zitha kuwonedwa pa tinyurl.com/TeslaKauai.
Chaka choyimira deta ya SolarAnywhere chikuwonetsa kuwonekera kopingasa padziko lonse lapansi kwa maola 5.0 patsiku, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi mphamvu ya 21%.Izi zikugwirizana ndi deta yochokera ku Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory.
Deta ya SolarAnywhere imaneneratu kuti m'chaka chake choyamba, Tesla idzapereka magetsi okwana ma megawati 50 patsiku kwa mabungwe othandizira a Kauai.
Ndi batire yowonjezera ya 5 MWh, ngakhale itachepetsedwa ndi 10 peresenti ya solar panel ndi mphamvu ya batire, Tesla akuti akupereka magetsi pakati pa 45 ndi 49 MWh patsiku ku gridi (kutengera momwe amagwirira ntchito)..
Pongoganiza kuti kuchuluka kwatsiku ndi tsiku ku gridi kumatsika kuchokera pa 50 MWh mpaka 48 MWh pazaka 20 zikubwerazi, Tesla ipereka pafupifupi 49 MWh patsiku.
Green Tech Media ikuyerekeza kuti famu yoyendera dzuwa idzawononga pafupifupi $ 1 pa watt iliyonse ikakhazikitsidwa ku Kauai, kutanthauza kuti gawo ladzuwa la polojekiti ku Kauai lidzawononga pafupifupi $ 17 miliyoni.Chifukwa cha ngongole ya msonkho ya 30 peresenti, izi zidabweretsa pafupifupi $ 12 miliyoni.
Kafukufuku wa EPRI/Sandia National Laboratories yemwe adachitika mu Disembala 2015 adawonetsa kuti ndalama zoyendetsera ndi kukonza mafamu a solar-scale kukhala pakati pa $10 ndi $25 pa kilowatt pachaka.Pogwiritsa ntchito chiwerengero cha $ 25, zomwe zimatchedwa O&M zogulira ma solar 17 MW pamalowa zitha kukhala $425,000 pachaka.
Zolemba zapamwamba ndizoyenera chifukwa pulojekiti ya Tesla Kauai imaphatikizapo batire paketi komanso mapanelo omwe.
Pa $250 pa kilowatt ola, mabatire a Kauai amawononga pafupifupi $13 miliyoni.Tesla nthawi zambiri amalipira ma waya ndi zida zothandizira m'munda padera, zomwe zimatha kufika $500,000.
Tikasankha zodula kwambiri za O&M, titenga zingwe zabwino kwambiri ndi zida zogulira ndikuganiza kuti ndi zaulere.
Ponseponse, Tesla azikhala ndi ndalama pafupifupi $2.5 miliyoni pachaka pafupifupi $26 miliyoni pamitengo yakutsogolo ($ 12 miliyoni pafamu yoyendera dzuwa, $14 miliyoni ya mabatire) komanso $425,000 pachaka pazowonongera.
Pansi pa malingaliro awa, mlingo wamkati wa kubwerera kwa polojekiti ya Tesla Kauai ndi 6.2%.
Ngakhale kuti izi ndizotsika kwambiri m'mafakitale ambiri, SolarCity, monga momwe makampani ambiri amayendera dzuwa, amagwiritsa ntchito ndalama zotsika mtengo za 6%, ndipo Kauai poyamba anali pulojekiti ya SolarCity.(Onaninso spreadsheet yolumikizidwa pamwambapa kuti mumve zambiri.)
Izi zikusonyeza kuti manambalawa ndi olondola;titha kuganiza kuti zolakwika zomwe zili m'malingaliro osiyanasiyana zitha kuthetseratu.
Kwazaka zambiri, pulojekiti ya Tesla ku Kauai imapanga magetsi ochulukirapo kuposa momwe mabatire ake sangakwanitse.Zomwezo zimagwiranso ntchito zamtsogolo.Zoyenera kuchita?
Njira imodzi ndiyo kugwiritsa ntchito magetsi ochulukirapo kulekanitsa madzi ndikupanga haidrojeni pamagalimoto amafuta;Malo oyamba opangira mafuta ku Hawaii agwiritsa ntchito njira iyi pa Oahu.
Ngati polojekiti ya Tesla ya Kauai ikhoza kugulitsa ma 20 kapena maola ambiri a megawatt omwe amatha tsiku ndi tsiku pamagetsi a hydrogen electrolyzers, kuchuluka kwa mkati mwa polojekitiyi kudzakwera kwambiri, ngakhale magetsiwo ataperekedwa pamtengo wotsika.
Izi zitha kukhala zochititsa chidwi momwe zilili ndi chidwi cha Tesla kuyembekeza kuti kupambana kwa magalimoto amafuta a hydrogen kumapangitsa kuti pakhale kufunika kwa haidrojeni.
Phunziro losayembekezereka kuchokera ku polojekiti ya Tesla ya Kauai lingakhale kuti sikuti maselo amafuta sangalepheretse kusintha kwathu ku mphamvu zowonjezera kapena zero-emission, koma amatha kuchitapo kanthu ngati hydrogen yomwe amadya imapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu zowonjezera.mphamvu.
Phunziro lalikulu, komabe, ndiloti Tesla watsimikizira kuti kuphatikiza mapanelo a dzuwa ndi kusungirako mphamvu kumapangitsa kuti pakhale chuma chamtsogolo osati mtsogolo, koma lero.
Ndipotu, pa Kauai, ngakhale kuti magawo awiri pa atatu a mphamvu ndi magawo awiri pa atatu a mphamvu ya batri anagwiritsidwa ntchito, kuphatikiza kumakhala komveka.
Ndikuvomereza kulandira maimelo kuchokera ku Green Car Reports.Ndikumvetsa kuti ndikhoza kusiya kulemba nthawi iliyonse.Mfundo zazinsinsi.
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